Coupling: It is a situation when the turbine achieved approximately 90 percent speed of the impeller and this point is called coupling point. During acceleration of the vehicle the torque multiplication is less than that is achieved during stall condition.ģ. As the speed of the turbine increases the torque multiplication reduces. Acceleration: During acceleration, the turbine speed keeps on increasing, but still there is large difference between the impeller and turbine speed. The impeller speed is much greater than the turbine speed.Ģ. At this situation, there is a larger difference between the pump and turbine speed. As the driver removes its foot from the brake paddle and presses the accelerator paddle, the impeller starts moving faster and this set the turbine to move. During this condition maximum multiplication of torque takes place. This happens, when the vehicle is stationary and driver has kept his foot on the brake paddle to prevent it from moving. Stall: During stall (stop) condition of the vehicle, the engine is applying power to the impeller but the turbine cannot rotate. the lockup eliminates the loses and improves the efficiency of the converter. The lock up clutch comes into play when the torque converter achieves coupling point. The turbine is also has a lock up clutch at its back. As the turbine rotates the input shaft of the transmission also rotates and made the vehicle to move. It is the change in the direction of the fluid that forces the blades to move in the direction of the impeller. The blades of the turbine are designed in such a way that it can change the direction of the fluid completely that strikes on its blades. It also consists of curved and angled blades. Turbine is connected to the input shaft of the automatic transmission. And the stator is placed in between the impeller and turbine. Turbine is connected to the transmission system of the vehicle. The stator is mounted with a one way clutch that allows rotating it in one direction and preventing its rotation in other direction. The stator changes the direction of fluid almost upto 90 degree. So stator helps in the torque multiplication by changing the direction of the fluid and allows it to enter in the direction of the impeller rotation. As the fluid enters in the direction of the impeller, it multiplies the torque. The main function of the stator is to give direction to the returning fluid from the turbine, so that the fluid enters to the impeller in the direction of its rotation. The stator is located in between the impeller and turbine. It acts as centrifugal pump which sucks the fluid from the automatic transmission and delivers it to the turbine. The blades of the impeller are designed in such a way that it directs the fluid towards the turbine blades. When it rotates with the engine, the centrifugal force makes the fluid move outward. It rotates with the engine speed and consists of automatic transmission fluid. The impeller is connected to the housing and the housing connected to the engine shaft. When engine stops, the turbine also stops rotating but the impeller connected the engine keeps moving and this prevent the killing of engine. This makes the transmission system rotate and the wheels of the vehicle moves. As it hits turbine blades, the turbine starts rotating. When the engine runs, it rotates the impeller and due to the centrifugal force the oil inside the torque converter assembly directed towards the turbine. In that the impeller or pump acts as first fan which is connected to the engine and turbine act as the second fan which is connected to the transmission system. On the same principle the torque converter works. When the second fan is stopped, it does not stop the first one. The air from the first fan strikes on the blades of the second fan and it also starts rotating almost at the same speed to the first one. When first fan connected to the power source starts moving, the air from it flows to the second fan which is stationary. One fan is connected to the power source and other is not connected with power source. For understanding the working principle of torque converter, let’s take two fans.
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